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@#The good effect of refractive cataract surgery depends on a variety of factors, mainly including accuratebiometrics before surgery and accurate calculation of intraocular lens(IOL)power. The accuracy of intraocular biometrics with abnormal eyes axis before surgery is lower. Moreover, compared with the normal eyes axis, the error of postoperative refractive state prediction is larger, which brings great challenges to obtaining the best postoperative visual quality. Recently, new optical biometrics have been used clinically, and individualized IOL power calculation formulas have been developed and applied, which makes the choice of intraocular lens power more accurate. This article reviews the latest research progress on the measurement of eye parameters and the selection of IOL power calculation formula in patients with abnormal axial cataract in the past 3a, in order to provide reference for clinical application.
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@#AIM: To research the correlation between the concentrations of interleukin-6(IL-6)and monocyte chemokine-1(MCP-1)in aqueous humor and the intravitreal ranibizumab injection was injected into the glass body cavity.<p>METHODS: Forty patients(40 eyes)diagnosed with RVO macular edema were selected as the treatment group, twenty patients(20 eyes)underwent cataract surgery were selected as the control group, anterior aqueous humor was collected before surgery in the treatment group and control group. Using the cytometric bead array methods detection the concentration of MCP-1 and IL-6. Comparison and analysis the concentration of MCP-1 and IL-6 before the operation treatment group and control group, comparison and analysis the concentration of MCP-1 and IL-6, BCVA, CMT before and after the operation in the treatment group. <p>RESULTS: The concentration of MCP-1(49.84±16.16、547.75±108.45pg/mL)and IL-6 in the treatment group was higher than the control group(10.71±7.26、235.65±34.45pg/mL,all <i>P</i><0.001)before the operation. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of MCP-1, IL-6 and CMT before the operation in the treatment group(<i>r</i>=0.646, 0.912, all <i>P</i><0.001). The concentration of IL-6 was significantly correlated with MCP-1(<i>r</i>=0.902, <i>P</i><0.001). The treatment group underwent the intravitreal ranibizumab injection was injected into the glass body cavity, the concentration of IL-6, MCP-1(20.08±11.56、228.35±70.69pg/mL)was lower than before. BCVA was improved significantly compared with before operation, CMT decreased after surgery compared to before surgery(<i>P</i><0.001).<p>CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between the concentration of MCP-1, IL-6 and CMT, with IVR treatment of secondary macular edema to RVO, to reduce the concentration of MCP-1 and IL-6, to reduce CMT, and reduce macular edema, improved patient's vision level.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of neonatal birth weight (BW) in two consecutive term singleton pregnant women and to investigate the influencing factors of macrosomia in the second birth.Methods In this case-control study,medical records of 1 920 singleton full-term pregnant women who gave birth twice in Peking University First Hospital from January 2005 to December 2017 were reviewed.All subjects were divided into two groups according to neonatal BW at the second birth regardless of the first one:macrosomia group (n=122) and non-macrosomia group (n=l 798).Then,those two groups were further divided into four sub-groups based on the neonatal BW in the first birth:macrosomia at both deliveries (n=27),macrosomia at the second time and non-macrosomia at the first time (n=95),non-macrosomia at the second time and macrosomia at the first time (n=90) and non-macrosomia at both deliveries (n=l 708).The differences of delivery interval,and the maternal age,pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI),weight gain during pregnancy,area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test results,weight retention,the incidence of diabetes in pregnancy (including gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus complicated with pregnancy),incidence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and cesarean section rate at the second pregnancy between the groups and sub-groups were compared with t-test,Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results (1) The total average neonatal BW in the second pregnancy was higher than that in the first [(3 443 ± 378) vs (3 403 ± 396) g,t=-4.119,P＜0.001].However,the proportion of macrosomia in each group was similar [6.4％ (122/ 1 920) vs 6.1％ (117/1 920),x2=3.237,P=0.198].The pre-pregnancy BMI,weight gain during pregnancy and proportion of previous macrosomia in the macrosomia group were significantly higher than those in non-macrosomia group [(23.6±3.4) vs (22.7±3.1) kg/m2,t=-2.882,P=0.004;(13.4±5.0) vs (12.4± 4.1) kg,t=-2.522,P=0.037;22.1％ (27/122) vs 5.0％ (90/1 798),x2=58.554,P＜0.001].Logistic regression analysis showed that previous macrosomia (OR=4.979,95％CI:3.052-8.122,P＜0.001),pre-pregnancy BMI (OR=1.084,95％CI:1.023-1.149,P=0.001) and weight gain during pregnancy (OR=1.077,95％CI:1.031-1.125,P=0.007) were influencing factors for macrosomia in the index delivery.(2) The pre-pregnancy BMI in the subgroup of macrosomia at both deliveries was significantly higher comparing to the subgroup of non-macrosomia at the second time and macrosomia at the first time [(25.8±4.3) vs (23.9±2.9) kg/m2,t=-2.600,P=0.011].Women in the subgroup of macrosomia at the second time and non-macrosomia at the first time had higher weight gain during second pregnancy than the subgroup of non-macrosomia at both deliveries [(13.5 ± 4.2) vs (12.5 ±4.1) kg,t=-2.404,P=0.016].Conclusions For two consecutive term singleton pregnancies,the average neonatal BW in the second time is slightly higher than that in the first,but the incidence of macrosomia is similar.Pre-pregnancy BMI,weight gain during pregnancy and macrosomia in the first birth are influencing factors for macrosomia in the second pregnancy.More attention should be paid to pre-pregnancy BMI reduction in women with history of macrosomia.For women without a history of macrosomia,weight management should be emphasized during the second pregnancy.
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Objective To understand infection status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and analyze the influencing factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou. Methods Men who have sex with men (MSM) were recruited from 2014 to 2017. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information of characterisitc and behaviors. Blood samples were used to detect HIV antibodie. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results Among 2 419 MSM, 200(8.27%) participants were confirmed positive for HIV. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that with Guangzhou and monthly economic income >0.5 million as reference, non-Guangzhou (OR=1.712, 95% CI: 1.176-2.492，P=0.005) and monthly economic income ≤0.5 million (OR=1.998, 95% CI: 1.409-2.833，P<0.001) were associated with HIV infection among MSM. Diagnosed syphilis (OR=2.461, 95% CI: 1.375-4.405,P=0.002) , undetected syphilis (OR=2.333, 95% CI: 1.635-3.331,P<0.001), anal sex role passive (OR=2.015, 95% CI: 1.244-3.267,P=0.004), both active and passive (OR=2.115, 95% CI: 1.374-3.251,P=0.001), non-using condoms every time during anal sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI: 1.374-2.781,P<0.001), non-fixed anal sex objects (OR=2.150, 95% CI: 1.463-3.160,P<0.001) were major risk factors for HIV infection among MSM. Conclusions The prevalance of HIV infection and high-risk sexual behavior were high among MSM in Guangzhou. It is urgent to expand the scope of HIV testing and advocate safe sexual behaviors among MSM.
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Objective The embryonic development is usually observed for 5-6 days during the process of embryo culture in most embryonic laboratories.The article aimed to explore the application of D 6+D7 frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in patients with di -minished ovarian reserve(DOR). Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 285 patients with DOR who were treated with in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in our center from 2015 to 2017.Frozen embryos were harvested from the natural cycle , mini-stimulation protocol, ovulation induction during the luteal phase , followed by frozen-thawed embryo transfer with a total of 442 cycles. The frozen embryos were divided into cleavage embryo group and blas -tocyst group according to different life stages , and comparison was made in general data and pregnancy outcome between the two groups .The blastocyst transfer group was subdivided into Day 5 group and Day6+Day7 group followed by the comparison of different pregnancy outcome between the two groups . Results Patients with DOR were treated with frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer with 291 cycles in cleavage embryo group and 151 cycles in blastocyst group.The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate of blastocyst group were significantly higher than those of cleavage embryo group ( 44.62％ vs 22.46％, 50.33％ vs 33.33％, 37.75％ vs 21.65％, P<0.05) and the abortion rate of blastocyst group was significantly lower than that of cleavage embryo group (35.05％ vs 25％, P<0.05).As to the frozen blastocyst transplantation cycle , the number of D5 blastocysts was 69, and D6+D7 blastocyst was 76. The embryo planting rate, clinical pregnancy rate, continued pregnancy rate and abortion rate of D 6+D7 group were higher than those of D5 group(39.74％ vs 50％, 44.93％ vs 55.26％, 34.78％ vs 39.47％, 22.58％ vs 28.57％), but the difference was of no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion In patients with DOR, the transplanted blastocyst can significantly improve the pregnancy out -come, increase the clinical pregnancy rate and reduce the abortion rate .The embryo planting rate and clinical pregnancy rate of the transplanted D6+D7 blastocyst were higher than those of D 5 blastocyst, but the difference was not statistically significant .The abortion rate was also increased.Therefore, when the number of embryos is limited, patients with DOR may consider transplanting D 6+D7 high-quality blastocysts in order to get a certain clinical pregnancy rate .
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of sperm acrosin activity detection in selecting the method of assisted reproduction for patients with unexplained infertility (UI).@*METHODS@#This retrospective study included 49 UI couples treated by IVFET (49 cycles) after three failures in intrauterine insemination (IUI) and another 95 couples with uterine tube obstruction (UTO) treated by IVF (131 cycles). We analyzed the laboratory data, clinical outcomes and sperm acrosin activity in the two groups of patients. According to the level of sperm acrosin activity of the males, we further divided the UI patients into two subgroups, a 0.05). The sperm acrosin activity was remarkably lower in the UI than in the UTO patients (36.03 vs 61.98 IU/106, P < 0.01), and so was the fertilization rate in the < 36 IU/106 than in the ≥36 IU/106 sperm subgroup (47.7% vs 80.3%, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The low fertilization rate caused by decreased sperm acrosin activity may be the main cause of infertility and the potential factor of UI. When sperm acrosin activity is < 36 IU/106 sperm, IVF plus shortterm fertilization by remedial ICSI should be preferred to IUI.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Acrosin , Metabolism , Embryo Implantation , Fallopian Tubes , Fertilization in Vitro , Methods , Infertility, Female , Infertility, Male , Pregnancy Rate , Reproduction , Retrospective Studies , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Spermatozoa , MetabolismABSTRACT
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland. Recent studies show that melatonin plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many reproductive processes. High-concentration melatonin exists in human preovulatory follicular fluid and melatonin receptors are present in ovarian granulosa cells, which indicates the direct effects of melatonin on ovarian function. Reactive oxygen species are involved in a number of reproductive events, including folliculogenesis, follicular atresia, ovulation, oocyte maturation, and corpus luteum formation. Melatonin and its metabolites, as powerful antioxidants and free radical scavengers, can potentially inhibit premature ovarian failure. Literature published in recent years shows the essential roles of melatonin in improving human ovarian function and oocyte quality as well as in the management of infertility. Researches on the action mechanisms of melatonin may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of some clinical diseases.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Granulosa Cells , Metabolism , Physiology , Melatonin , Metabolism , Physiology , Ovarian Follicle , Metabolism , Ovary , Physiology , Reactive Oxygen Species , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of estrogen-sensitive tumors such as endometrial carcinoma, however, its therapeutic effect is still to be further improved. It is reported that curcumin has antitumor capability and can enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to anticancer agents. This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of letrozole combination with curcumin on the implanted endometrial tumor growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nude mice were implanted with endometrial carcinoma RL-952 cells. All tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control(without treatment), Let(1) (letrozole, 1 microg/d), Let(10) (letrozole, 10 microg/d), Cur [ curcumin, 300 mg/kg.d)], and Let + Cur group [10microg/d letrozole + 50mg/ (kg.d) curcumin]. The tumor growth was monitored. Tumor cells apoptosis was detected in both control and treated groups. The expressions of bcl-2 mRNA and bcl-2 protein were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty mice were successfully implanted with the endometrial tumor. Treatment with letrozole markedly inhibited tumor growth; the inhibitory effect was further enhanced by the combination of letrozole and curcumin. The inhibitory rates in Let (1), Let (10), the Cur, and the Let + Cur groups were 15.95%, 22.49%, 21.57%, and 35.89%, respectively. Treatment with curcumin inhibited the expression of bcl-2 in tumor cells at the mRNA and protein levels. The apoptosis rates in the control group and the four experimental groups mentioned above were 16.97%, 32.90%, 35.80%, 34.16%, and 47.24%, respectively. Tumor cells apoptosis were observed in mice treated with either letrozole or curcumin; however, combination of letrozole and curcumin further enhanced the inhibitory rate in tumor growth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Treatment with letrozole or curcumin could inhibit the xenografted endometrial tumor growth by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Combination of letrozole and curcumin further enhanced the inhibitory effect of tumor growth.</p>